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1.
PLoS One ; 16(5): e0251027, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33956885

RESUMO

Ecuador is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, but faces severe pressures and threats to its natural ecosystems. Numerous species have declined and require to be objectively evaluated and quantified, as a step towards the development of conservation strategies. Herein, we present an updated National Red List Assessment for amphibian species of Ecuador, with one of the most detailed and complete coverages for any Ecuadorian taxonomic group to date. Based on standardized methodologies that integrate taxonomic work, spatial analyses, and ecological niche modeling, we assessed the extinction risk and identified the main threats for all Ecuadorian native amphibians (635 species), using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Our evaluation reveals that 57% (363 species) are categorized as Threatened, 12% (78 species) as Near Threatened, 4% (26 species) as Data Deficient, and 27% (168 species) as Least Concern. Our assessment almost doubles the number of threatened species in comparison with previous evaluations. In addition to habitat loss, the expansion of the agricultural/cattle raising frontier and other anthropogenic threats (roads, human settlements, and mining/oil activities) amplify the incidence of other pressures as relevant predictors of ecological integrity. Potential synergic effects with climate change and emergent diseases (apparently responsible for the sudden declines), had particular importance amongst the threats sustained by Ecuadorian amphibians. Most threatened species are distributed in montane forests and paramo habitats of the Andes, with nearly 10% of them occurring outside the National System of Protected Areas of the Ecuadorian government. Based on our results, we recommend the following actions: (i) An increase of the National System of Protected Areas to include threatened species. (ii) Supporting the ex/in-situ conservation programs to protect species considered like Critically Endangered and Endangered. (iii) Focalizing research efforts towards the description of new species, as well as species currently categorized as Data Deficient (DD) that may turn out to be threatened. The implementation of the described actions is challenging, but urgent, given the current conservation crisis faced by amphibians.


Assuntos
Anfíbios , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Animais , Anuros , Bufonidae , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Bases de Dados como Assunto , Ecossistema , Equador , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção/estatística & dados numéricos
3.
CorSalud ; 9(2)abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-69301

RESUMO

Introducción: La fibrilación auricular se ha definido como la taquiarritmia supra-ventricular más frecuente en la práctica clínica. Su prevalencia actual en el mundo desarrollado es de aproximadamente un 1,5-2,0 por ciento de la población general, y la media de edad ha ido en aumento, de tal forma que actualmente se sitúa entre los 75 y 85 años. Con respecto a la prevalencia, las previsiones indican que por lo menos se doblará en los próximos 50 años. Las estadísticas vigentes muestran que esta arritmia está asociada a un riesgo 5 veces mayor de accidente cerebrovascular, una incidencia 3 veces mayor de insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva y mayor mortalidad. En este tópico las recurrencias juegan un importante papel. Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un índice predictivo, con la integración de factores pronósticos, con vistas a evaluar el riesgo de recurrencia de los pacientes con fibrilación auricular paroxística. Método: La construcción de este índice incluyó: la selección de variables y la búsqueda de ponderaciones, en esta etapa se estudiaron 145 pacientes con diagnóstico de fibrilación auricular paroxística. La validación estadística incluyó elementos de validez que fueron satisfactorios. Resultados: Como resultado se obtuvo un índice con dos alternativas, una cualitativa y otra cuantitativa ordinal, con tres niveles de riesgo de recurrencias para la fibrilación atrial paroxística: bajo, moderado y alto. Conclusiones: El índice obtenido, por tanto, se consideró adecuado para aplicar en el contexto de actuación y reducir la recurrencia de la fibrilación auricular paroxística(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Fibrilação Atrial , Recidiva , Previsões , Estudos de Validação como Assunto , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Prevenção Secundária/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Valor Preditivo dos Testes
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